I've tested 200+ cold email openers this year across different ICPs and verticals.

The one insight that changed everything: your first line isn't about being clever. It's about proving you know something specific about the person in under 10 words. Not their company. Not their industry. Them.

Inquisitive about how other founders and GTM teams are stitching together their outbound and growth workflows right now.

The stack feels like it's shifting fast. A year ago most people I talked to were running some version of: Apollo/ZoomInfo for data, Clay for enrichment, Instantly or Smartlead for sending, Zapier or n8n to glue it all together, and maybe a CRM on top.