Used car reliability scored with data instead of surveys. Two decades of real failure records, normalized against actual sales, split into Frequency (how often it breaks) and Severity (how much the repair hurts). Every score is indexed against the vehicle's own segment: 1.0 is average, below is a winner, above is a risk. Powertrains scored separately, plus a 10-point component breakdown and year-over-year tracking. Vehicle reliability scored with data, not star ratings or surveys.