How do you test whether beginners understand an explanation?

I'm Frank, and I'm building MARQORA alongside my day job. It uses AI-assisted research to explain companies, risks and stock valuations in English and German. The intended readers include people in the U.S. who are new to stocks.

I'm trying to work out how to test whether an explanation is actually understood. For example, a reader may understand what Apple sells but still miss why a strong business can have an expensive stock.

My idea is to ask someone to read an analysis, then explain the business and the price assessment in their own words. I'd also ask which risk they would want to look into next. That seems more useful than simply asking whether the page looks clear.

If you've tested a product with beginners, what question or task helped you find misunderstandings? I'd appreciate practical suggestions, especially ways to avoid leading people toward the answer.

For context, here is the Apple example I'm working with:

https://marqora.de/en/examples/AAPL.html?lang=en

It opens without an account and is dated October 21, 2026, so it shows the format rather than today's valuation. MARQORA is currently in free beta; the full tool requires a free account, and not every stock has an analysis yet.